Major Project (2nd Draft)

Write a summary and critique of the article : Online communication, social media and adolescent wellbeing: a systematic narrative review

                Paul Best et al. (2014) conducted a study to review the evidence, which presented both of the beneficial and harmful effects, regarding the effects of Social Media Technologies (SMT) on adolescent well-being and to synthesize current research on the impact of SMT. This study utilized each 41 key words finding during 11^th-18^th April 2013, which retrieved a systematic narrative review of published research during  January 2003 to April 2013 from eight bibliographic databases(1- ASSIA, 2-Communication Abstracts, 3-CINAHL, 4 –ERIC, 5–Medline, 6-PsycINFO, 7- Scopus and 8 -SSCI). The methodological study was influenced by systematic reviewing techniques. It was developed an approach as following (1) searching technique,(2) selecting a final 43 relevant studies from pre-define keywords of searching,(3) using quality appraisal tool,(4) using a narrative synthesis method, (5) developing a multi-dimensional framework with concepts from sociology, psychology and communication studies literature at three social levels (1-macro level: communication approaches , 2-meso level: systems approaches, 3- micro level: adolescent development approaches). The result showed that the influence of SMT on adolescent well-being was varied. Following 13 of the 43 studies indicated beneficial outcomes using of SMT effects on adolescent well-being were reported as perceived social support, increased self-esteem, increased belongingness, and safe identity testing, increased self-disclosure and enhanced perception of associated positive feedback in community. However, negative effects were reported as increased risk of depression, social isolation, cyber-bullying, increased risk of exposure to online harm, decreased psychological wellbeing.

                This study provides the response in the high quality methodology of studies. As part of review method was developed connecting the relationship between data exploration and synthesizing of the robustness. However, there are some limitations.

1.       Overall methodological qualities of included papers were over-represented on cross-sectional survey in question research as a designed weakness. Additionally, it was unable to clearly recognize various factors such as identity, age, gender, geography, status, amount of usage on adolescent SMT. For example; it is possible that adolescent face more risks on online activities and experiences are closely linked with offline activities and experiences (Livingstone et al., 2014). There might be easily linked to interpersonal interactions via SMT has a detrimental mental and behavior effect on adolescents (Patton et al., 2014, p.548-549).

2.       The study investigated based on the systematic review that a lot of formats and forms of papers might be lack of rigorous definition of the specific objectives of the relationship between SMT and well-being experience. Either positive or negative effects are premise online activities rather than variables. The study should be identified topics of positive and negative effects from each included papers and/or ensure appropriately weighted their related concepts to enable the reliable research.     

                The strength of this study is to combine a systematic review and a narrative review in order to reduce a bias. Another advantage of tables was showed clearly summary type of a final 43 included studies’ methodology and related concepts by study.  Social networking site is an integrated part of the adolescent’s everyday lives and online activities that might lead to higher degrees of adolescent’s physical and psychical well-being(Patton,2014; Subrahmanyam, 2009). The further study should emphasize more rigorous scope of adolescent in both physical and psychical well-being and development.

Reference list

1. Best, P., Manktelow, R., & Taylor, B. (2014). Online communication, social media and adolescent wellbeing: a systematic narrative review. Children and Youth Services Review, 41, 27-36.

2. Livingstone,S.,Haddon,L.,Görzig,A.,and Ólafsson,K. (2011). Risks and safety on the internet: The perspective of European children.LSE: The London of School Economics and Political Science, London: EU Kids Online, www.eukidsonline.net, 1-163.

3. Patton,D.U.,Hong,J.S.,Ranney,M.,Patel,S.,Kelley,C.,Eschmann,R.,& Washington,T.(2014).Social media as a vector for youth violence:A review of the literature. Computers in Human Behavior,35,548-553.

4. Subrahmanyam,K., Garcia, E., Harsono,L.S., Li, J. S., & Lipana,L.(2009). In their words: Connecting on‐line weblogs to developmental processes. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 27(1), 219-245.

Comments on Friend's blogs

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Major Project

Write a summary and critique of the article : Online communication, social media and adolescent wellbeing: a systematic narrative review

                Paul Best et al. (2014) conducted a study to review the evidence, which presented both of the beneficial and harmful effects, regarding the effects of Social Media Technologies (SMT) on adolescent wellbeing and to synthesize current research on the impact of SMT. This study utilized each 41 key words finding during 11^th-18^th April 2013 which retrieved a systematic narrative review of published research within January 2003 to April 2013 from eight bibliographic databases(1- ASSIA, 2-Communication Abstracts, 3-CINAHL, 4 –ERIC, 5–Medline, 6-PsycINFO, 7- Scopus and 8 -SSCI). The methodological study was influenced by systematic reviewing techniques. It was developed an approach following as (1) searching technique,(2) selecting a final 43 relevant studies from pre-define keywords of searching,(3)using quality appraisal tool,(4)using a narrative synthesis method, (5) developing a multi-dimensional framework with concepts from sociology, psychology and communication studies literature at three social levels (1-macro level: communication approaches , 2-meso level: systems approaches, 3- micro level: adolescent development approaches). The result showed that the influence of SMT on adolescent wellbeing was varied. Following 13 of the 43 studies indicated to beneficial outcomes using of SMT effects on adolescent wellbeing were reported as perceived social support, increased self-esteem, increased belongingness, safe identity testing, increased self-disclosure and enhanced perception of associated positive feedback in community. However, negative effects were reported as increased risk of depression, social isolation, cyber-bullying, increased risk of exposure to online harm, decreased psychological wellbeing.

                This study provides to repose on the high quality methodology of studies .As part of review method was developed connecting of data relationship exploration and synthesizing of the robustness. However there are some limitations.

1.       Overall methodological quality of included papers were over-represented on cross-sectional survey in question research as a designed weaker, in addition there were unable to clearly recognize various factors as identity, age, gender, geography, status, amount of usage on adolescent SMT. For example, it may be that adolescent face more risks on online activities and experiences are closely linked with offline activities and experiences (Livingstone et al., 2014). There might be easily linked to interpersonal interactions via SMT has a detrimental mental and behavior effect on adolescents (Patton et al., 2014, p.548-549).

2.       The study investigated base on the systematic review that a lot of formats and forms of papers might be lack of rigorous definition of the specific objectives of the relationship between SMT and wellbeing experience either positive or negative effects are premise online activities rather than variables. The study should be show identifying topics of positive and negative effects from each included papers and/or ensure appropriately weighted their related concepts to enable the reliable research.

     

                The strength of this study is that combine a systematic review and a narrative review in order to reduce a bias. Another advantage of tables was showed clearly summary type of a final 43 included studies’ methodology and related concepts by study.  Social networking site is an integrated part of the adolescent’s everyday lives and online activities, these effects might lead to higher degrees of adolescent’s physical and psychical wellbeing(Patton,2014; Subrahmanyam, 2009). The further study should be emphasizing a more rigorous scope of adolescent both physical and psychical wellbeing and development.

Reference list

1. Best, P., Manktelow, R., & Taylor, B. (2014). Online communication, social media and adolescent wellbeing: a systematic narrative review. Children and Youth Services Review, 41, 27-36.

2. Livingstone,S.,Haddon,L.,Görzig,A.,and Ólafsson,K. (2011). Risks and safety on the internet: The perspective of European children.LSE: The London of School Economics and Political Science, London: EU Kids Online, www.eukidsonline.net, 1-163.

3. Patton,D.U.,Hong,J.S.,Ranney,M.,Patel,S.,Kelley,C.,Eschmann,R.,& Washington,T.(2014).Social media as a vector for youth violence:A review of the literature. Computers in Human Behavior,35,548-553.

4. Subrahmanyam,K., Garcia, E., Harsono,L.S., Li, J. S., & Lipana,L.(2009). In their words: Connecting on‐line weblogs to developmental processes. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 27(1), 219-245.

Project # 1

Minor Project 

   My research question is how to find a tool for reducing negative impacts on youth’s social media usage.It is common for youth to use computer-mediated communication among their society. Social media has affected to young’s interaction of activities. This issue is contested between some researchers saying this is benefit to adolescents and others saying this is too susceptible to them at under risk-taken without navigator. 

   There are many studies which investigate the impact of social media on children. Researchers who have looked at this risk impacts are Kaveri Subrahmanyam, Sonia Livingstone and A. Fernández.

   They argued that main risks to adolescents are from cyber bullying, online harassment, improperuse of technology, lack of privacy, and false posting information. 

   Subrahmanyam et al (2009) argued that adolescents used online environment to explore matters that are important in their everyday life. 

   According to Livingstone et al (2010), youth perceived online and offline boundaries be tightly integrated. Livingstone et al (2010) found that a correlation between depression, physical abuse and substance abuse with various risky behaviors was likely to lead to bad choice in relation to online activities. 

   Fernández, A (2011) reported that online problem for youth was facing of cyber bullying, depression and social anxiety, risk-taking, and sexual development.

   Although the debate centers on this issue that show factors increasing risks for youth’s online usage, there is no tool to alert youth to these risks. There is a gap to find out what factors are significantly correlated to the decrease in these risks.

   My research will be closely related to Sonia Livingstone’s study to understand the role of factors involving in online risks, additional support for this issue. It is very important to monitor youth to aware risks from social media.   

   Hopefully, my contribution will be to suggest a measure or a tool to help adults guard their youth from risks of social media usage.  

Reference List 

1.Fernández, A. (2011). Clinical Report: The impact of social media on children, adolescents and families. Archivos de Pediatría del Uruguay, 82(1), 31-32.

2.Livingstone, S., Haddon, L., Görzig, A., & Ólafsson, K. (2010). Risks and safety on the internet. The perspective of European children. Final findings from the EU Kids Online survey of, 9-16.

3.Subrahmanyam,K., Garcia, E., Harsono,L.S., Li, J. S., & Lipana,L.(2009). In their words: Connecting on‐line weblogs to developmental processes. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 27(1), 219-245.

Assignment #2: Introduction (Youth’s social media usage)

Assignment #2: Introduction

Title : 

How much appropriate youth’s social media usage for reducing negative impacts

Introduction :   

Stage 1  Computer-mediated communication has expanding an influence on human behavior. It changes significantly people interaction that facilitate has modified the nature of their activities and habitats. Computer-mediated user for social purposes has enhanced dramatically over recent years, with 42% of Thai participating in some type of social media website as Facebook, Thailand Facebook user ranks as the ninth of the world in 2014. The number of Facebook users in the country effectively increased from 18.3 million to 28.0 million (Pongvitayapanu ,2014). Social network is a relatively new phenomenon and permits social interaction among users to allows them to create online profiles that represent the user's real-life identity (users personalize profile pages with image, audio, and text, and designate friends and others). It is attractive to people because they can admit for both to self-individualized or inclusion into a group that may not be achievable in physical reality.

Stage 2   Social media have a direct impact on everyone during daily face-to-face interactions; Internet-based entities are playing an increasingly large role during this critical life stage. “Using social media becomes a risk to adolescents” (Fernández ,2011,P31-32) this statement that similar to Cookingham& Ryan (2015) found that online activities become a high- risk to youth’s behaviors. Social Media related to youth’s violence (Patton et al., 2014). 
Stage 3 Not only using more social media consumption, there is limited the amount of youth's peer-to-peer ability to socialize but also being sensitive on the vulnerable to the practice of youth’s violence.How much appropriate to reduce negative impacts for youth’s social media usage . 

Stage 4  One model proposed to explain how youth integrate social media into their self- life. This model assumes three key things in understanding the effect of social media on adolescents that:

1) Social media usage of youth’s behavior.  

2) Social media consumption how its effects are in negative with youth’s users

3) Identify a tool to help reducing ์negative impacts for youth’s social media usage is  and applied in daily life.

Stage 5 The results of this study may suggest a tool for reducing negative impacts on youth’s social media usage.

Reference:

Cookingham,L.M.,&Ryan,G.L.(2015).The Impact of Social Media on the Sexual and Social Wellness of Adolescents.Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology,28(1),2-5.

Fernández,A.(2011).Clinical Report:The impact of social media on children,adolescents and families.Archivos de Pediatría del Uruguay, 82(1),31-32.

Patton,D.U.,Hong,J.S.,Ranney,M.,Patel,S.,Kelley,C.,Eschmann,R.,& Washington,T.(2014).Social media as a vector for youth violence:A review of the literature.Computers in Human Behavior,35,548-553.

Pongvitayapanu,P.(2014).Thailand Zocial Awards 2014[news].Zocial inc.[cited 2014 May 28].Available from: http://www.it24hrs.com/2014/thai-social-network-2014/

Assignment # 1 : Citation from the abstract

Entrepreneurial marketing  : Conceptual exploration and link to performance

Author(s):                    

Mar Solé (Department of Business Economics, Universitat Autònoma de  Barcelona,Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain)

Citation: 

Solé, M. (2013). Entrepreneurial marketing: conceptual exploration and link to performance. Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship, 15(1), 23-38.


Acknowledgements:


The author appreciates the help of colleagues and professors from her university who have helped and encouraged her to develop this paper further; also, all academics from whom she received very insightful comments at the Academy of Marketing Conference.

Abstract:

Purpose

– Marketing and entrepreneurship have been recognized as having significant interrelations, and to get potentiated when jointly implemented. A whole branch of literature is attempting to specify the synergistic effects and to prove it useful for firms' performance. Most entrepreneurial marketing (EM) advantages are found in small to medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) and in turbulent environments, that is why, sometimes EM is applied in its constrained form; being the EM definition, a not‐resolved issue. Nevertheless, EM may be used by all sorts of firms in all kinds of contexts. The purpose of this paper is to extend this discussion and propose an integrated conceptual framework.

Design/methodology/approach

– The conceptual framework arises from an exploration of the main definitions of EM to date, pointing out the conceptual backgrounds they stress, and extends on marketable entrepreneurship (ME), entrepreneurial marketing (EM) and entrepreneurial marketing orientation (EMO), conducting a revision on the existent literature.

Findings

– In total, three lines of interest are outlined; namely ME, EM and EMO. The first two refer to operative functions, such as those of new product development or marketing mix; while the latter describes a strategic extension that implies the intertwined effects of market and entrepreneurial orientation.

Originality/value

– Overall, this paper proposes an integrated conceptual framework for EM research and highlights the synergies between both marketing and entrepreneurship on performance through two distinct paths: improved marketing outcomes with entrepreneurial marketing; and improving entrepreneurship outcomes with marketable entrepreneurship.

Keywords:

Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurialism, Marketing, Entrepreneurial marketing, Small to medium‐sized enterprises, Orientation, Organizational performance

Type:

Conceptual paper

Publisher:

Emerald Group Publishing Limited

Assignment 1

1. Direct quotations : 

Sole(2013)suggest that the "integrated conceptual framework for EM research and highlights the synergies between both marketing and entrepreneurship on performance through two distinct paths" (p.23).


2. An in Text citation :


"Entrepreneurial Marketing (EM) highlights about the integrated synergies on performance in 2 ways : improved marketing outcomes with Entrepreneurship Marketing and improved entrepreneurship outcome with marketable entrepreneurship" (Sole,2013,p.23).